Breast cancer self-diagnosis method
It is best to perform breast cancer self-examination between 2 and 7 days after menstruation if you are pre-menopausal, and on the same day every month (for example, the 1st of every month) if you are post-menopausal.
Step 1: Observe with the naked eye while looking in a mirror
- Place both arms comfortably and observe both breasts.
- Clasp both hands behind you and extend your arms forward while applying strength.
- Hold both hands on your waist, push your shoulders and elbows forward, tighten your chest, and lean forward.
Step 2: Palpate standing or sitting
- Raise the arm on the side of the breast being examined above your head and perform the examination using the bottom of the first joint of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers on the opposite side.
- While drawing a circle from the outer upper part around the breast, be sure to examine inward, starting from the area above and below the collarbone and under the armpit.
- After touching the area around the nipple in a small circle, squeeze the nipple inward from the top, bottom, and both sides to check for any abnormal discharge.
Step 3: Lying down and palpating
- Lie down comfortably, place a folded towel under the shoulder on the side being examined, raise the arm on the side being examined, and perform the examination using the opposite hand as in step 2.
During this process, if shape deformation, a tumor, or unusual discharge is identified, you should visit a hospital for a checkup.
Breast cancer is a threat to women’s health, following thyroid cancer. Until recently, breast cancer was known to have a particularly high incidence among middle-aged women in their 40s or older, but recently, the number of patients has been increasing even among relatively younger women in their 20s and 30s, requiring special attention.
In fact, in the United States, 95% of all breast cancer patients are women in their 40s or older, but in Korea, it is known that women in their 30s and 40s have a high incidence, and the incidence gradually decreases thereafter.
Introduction
Breast cancer is a prevalent and potentially life-threatening condition that affects both women and men. Understanding this disease, its causes, symptoms, management, treatment, self-care, beneficial exercises, dietary choices, and prevention methods is crucial. We will delve deep into these aspects of breast cancer.
Body
Causes of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer develops when cells in the breast undergo abnormal changes and begin to multiply uncontrollably. While the exact cause is not always clear, several risk factors have been identified:
- Genetics: Family history of breast cancer, especially mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, can increase the risk.
- Hormonal Factors: Excessive estrogen exposure, which may occur due to early menstruation, late menopause, or hormone replacement therapy, can be a contributing factor.
- Age: The risk of breast cancer increases with age, with most cases diagnosed in women over 50.
- Gender: Although rare, breast cancer can also affect men.
- Radiation Exposure: Prior radiation therapy in the chest area can elevate the risk.
It’s essential to consult with your doctor to understand your specific risk factors.
Early Symptoms of Breast Cancer
Early detection significantly improves the prognosis of breast cancer. Recognizing the warning signs can be a lifesaver:
- Lump in the Breast or Armpit: The most common symptom is a painless lump or thickening.
- Changes in Breast Size or Shape: Any unexplained alteration in breast appearance should be evaluated.
- Nipple Changes: Look for nipple discharge, inversion, or skin changes like redness or scaling.
- Breast Pain: While not always a sign of cancer, persistent breast pain should be examined.
Mammogram Screening
Mammography tests are crucial for early detection. These low-dose X-ray exams can identify breast abnormalities before symptoms manifest. Doctors recommend regular mammogram screenings, especially for women over 40.
Types of Breast Cancer
Understanding breast cancer types is vital as treatments vary:
- Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): Non-invasive cancer confined to the milk ducts.
- Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: The most common invasive breast cancer.
- Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A subtype that lacks estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors.
- Metastatic Breast Cancer: Cancer that has spread to distant organs.
Breast Cancer Research
Ongoing research is crucial in improving breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Researchers worldwide are dedicated to finding more effective therapies and preventive measures. Keep yourself updated on the latest advancements through reputable sources.
Management and Treatment
If diagnosed with breast cancer, consult your doctor for a tailored treatment plan. Options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy. Your doctor will discuss the most suitable approach based on the cancer type and stage.
Self-Care and Coping
Dealing with breast cancer can be emotionally and physically challenging. Seek support from loved ones and consider joining support groups. Practicing stress-reduction techniques like meditation and yoga can help improve your overall well-being.
Beneficial Exercises
Engaging in regular, moderate-intensity exercises like brisk walking, swimming, or cycling can improve your physical and emotional health during and after breast cancer treatment. Always consult your doctor before starting a new exercise regimen.
Foods and foods to avoid for breast cancer management
A proper diet is important for breast cancer management and prevention. Below we will explain which foods are helpful for breast cancer and which foods you should avoid.
1. Foods that may help
- Vegetables and Fruits: Fresh vegetables and fruits are rich in antioxidants, which may help prevent breast cancer. Blueberries, spinach, carrots, and bell peppers are especially good choices.
- Dietary Fiber: High-fiber foods promote digestion and help excrete harmful substances from the body. Corn, black beans, sweet potatoes, corn, and sweet potatoes provide plenty of dietary fiber.
- Seafood: Low in fat and high in protein, seafood can be included as part of a healthy diet. Salmon, mackerel, and squid contain omega-3 fatty acids, which may reduce inflammation and have anti-cancer effects.
- Plant-based proteins: There are health benefits to replacing most meats with plant-based proteins, such as beans, lentils, and nuts.
2. Foods to avoid
- High-fat foods: Foods high in fat can promote obesity, and obesity can increase the risk of breast cancer. Saturated fats, especially grapeseed oil and palm oil, should be avoided.
- Processed foods: Highly processed foods, fast foods, and snack foods are high in calories, fat, salt, and sugar and can be unhealthy. You should limit your intake of these foods.
- Excessive alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption may increase the risk of breast cancer, so you should limit the amount you drink.
- Foods high in additives and preservatives: Avoid processed foods high in synthetic additives and preservatives. Eat fresh, natural foods whenever possible.
Prevention
While not all breast cancer cases are preventable, you can reduce your risk by:
- Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle: Eat well, exercise regularly, and maintain a healthy weight.
- Regular Screenings: Attend recommended mammogram screenings.
- Breastfeeding: If possible, breastfeed your child, as it may reduce your risk.
- Minimizing Hormone Replacement Therapy: Discuss alternatives with your doctor.
Conclusion
Breast cancer is a complex disease, but knowledge, early detection, and effective medical care can make a significant difference in outcomes. Always consult with your doctor for personalized guidance on breast cancer prevention and management.
FAQ
Q: What is the survival rate for breast cancer?
A: The survival rate varies depending on the stage at diagnosis. In general, early detection leads to higher survival rates, with five-year survival rates exceeding 90% for stage 1 breast cancer.
Q: Are all breast lumps cancerous?
A: No, not all breast lumps are cancerous. Many are benign (non-cancerous). However, any new lump should be evaluated by a doctor.
Q: Can men get breast cancer?
A: Yes, although it’s rare, men can develop breast cancer. It’s essential for both men and women to be aware of breast health.
Q: What is a mammogram screening?
A: A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast used to detect breast cancer early, often before symptoms occur. It’s a crucial tool for early detection.
Q: Can lifestyle changes reduce breast cancer risk?
A: Yes, adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and limiting alcohol intake, can help reduce breast cancer risk.
Q: What are the different stages of breast cancer?
A: Breast cancer is typically staged from 0 to IV, with 0 indicating non-invasive cancer, and IV indicating cancer that has spread to distant organs. The stage helps determine the extent and treatment approach.
Q: Are there any alternative therapies for breast cancer?
A: While some individuals explore complementary therapies like acupuncture or herbal supplements, it’s essential to discuss these with your doctor. They should complement, not replace, standard medical treatments.
Q: Can lifestyle choices impact the recurrence of breast cancer?
A: Yes, certain lifestyle choices, such as maintaining a healthy weight, not smoking, and following your doctor’s recommendations, can reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence.
Q: Is genetic testing necessary for all breast cancer patients?
A: Genetic testing is typically recommended for individuals with a strong family history of breast cancer or specific risk factors. Your doctor will determine if it’s necessary for you.
Q: What is the role of clinical trials in breast cancer treatment?
A: Clinical trials are essential for advancing breast cancer treatment. They test new therapies to determine their effectiveness and safety. Participation in clinical trials may be an option for some patients.
Today’s Quiz (Continued)
Q: What lifestyle choices can help reduce the risk of breast cancer?
A: Lifestyle choices that can help reduce breast cancer risk include maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, a balanced diet, limiting alcohol consumption, and avoiding smoking.
Accuracy 95%
Source
breastcancer.org, cancer.gov, mayoclinic.org, who.int, cancer.org
